Mathematical Definitions

Reference glossary for all mathematical concepts used in the positions taxonomy

ConceptKeyReference
Abstract algebraabstract_algebrahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abstract_algebra
Adjacency matrixadjacency_matrixhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adjacency_matrix
Burnside’s lemmaburnsidehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burnside%27s_lemma
Cayley graphcayley_graphhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cayley_graph
Cayley tablecayley_tablehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cayley_table
Clustering coefficientclustering_coeffhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clustering_coefficient
Connected componentconnected_componenthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Component_(graph_theory)
Cosine similaritycosine_similarityhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cosine_similarity
Cycle notationcycle_notationhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyclic_permutation#Cycle_notation
Equivalence classequivalence_classhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equivalence_class
Equivalence relationequivalence_relationhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equivalence_relation
Graph Laplacianlaplacianhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laplacian_matrix
Graph theorygraph_theoryhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graph_theory
Group actiongroup_actionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Group_action
Group theorygroup_theoryhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Group_theory
Information theoryinformation_theoryhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Information_theory
Jaccard indexjaccardhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaccard_index
Jensen–Shannon divergencejsdhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jensen%E2%80%93Shannon_divergence
KL divergencekl_divergencehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kullback%E2%80%93Leibler_divergence
Metric spacemetric_spacehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metric_space
Newick formatnewickhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newick_format
Orbit (group theory)orbithttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Group_action#Orbits_and_stabilizers
Orbit–stabilizer theoremorbit_stabilizerhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orbit-stabilizer_theorem
Permutation grouppermutation_grouphttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Permutation_group
Phylogeneticsphylogeneticshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phylogenetics
Pseudometricpseudo_metrichttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudometric_space
Quotient setquotient_sethttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equivalence_class#Quotient_set
Shannon entropyshannon_entropyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Entropy_(information_theory)
Stabilizer subgroupstabilizerhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Group_action#Orbits_and_stabilizers
Symmetric groupsymmetric_grouphttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symmetric_group
Union–findunion_findhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disjoint-set_data_structure
UPGMAupgmahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UPGMA

Notation Summary

Sets
P = universal position set, |P| = 133
T = {Shijūhatte, Kāmasūtra, Fángzhōngshù, Perfumed Garden, Greco-Roman}
M = {facing, rear, sitting, standing, side, inverted, oral, special}
Pt = positions belonging to tradition t

Functions
μ: P → M — mechanical category assignment
v: T → ℤ&sup8; — tradition vector (category counts)
σ: P × P → [0,1] — similarity metric
d(p,q) = 1 − σ(p,q) — pseudometric

Relations
p ~ε q ⇔ σ(p,q) ≥ ε — equivalence relation
[p]ε = equivalence class of p at threshold ε

Group G = ⟨α, β, γ⟩ ≤ S₈
α: facing ↔ rear (orientation reversal)
β: sitting ↔ standing (vertical inversion)
γ: facing ↔ inverted (role exchange)
|G| depends on generator closure
Orbit–stabilizer: |G| = |Orb(x)| × |Stab(x)| for all x ∈ M